Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising plan - Essay Example The Nokia Company and items center around giving an exceptional and moderate portable experience to individuals internationally. With the quickly expanding advanced cell showcase, this organization faces a test to achieve better quality, unrivaled and imaginative cell phones in a profoundly powerful market. As indicated by the Q1 Interim Report on Nokia, Net deals for the gadgets and administrations got diminished 25% quarter-on-quarter to EUR 2.9 billion†. Likewise, the volume for the cell phones diminished 30% quarter-on-quarter to 55.8 million units, which is higher than the assessed an incentive by cell phones. Consequently, watching only the starting quarter of 2013, it very well may be investigated that Nokia, the once top vender in the versatile market has fallen severely. The factor answerable for this defeat is poor people and idle promoting methodology of the organization. The organization and its pioneers neglected to comprehend that the portable market is one of the quickest developing on the planet and when it had the biggest offer in the market, the organization halted advancement. Additionally, the organization by one way or another figured out how to disregard the opposition from Apple and Samsung and when the opponents were presenting dumbfounding new items, Nokia kept doing what it was doing and didn't present something as new as the others. The current issue close by for the organization is in the blasting advanced cell business. The procedure of market flooding has no unmistakable picture and disarray exists. The organization needs to fathom and address the issue to manage Nokia Lumia telephones showcasing and actualize a savvy intend to expand this line of items. The dissemination of Nokia telephones is done comprehensively at outlets which are Nokia idea stores just as multi-brand stores. It is critical to take note of that Nokia has remained on the top as the biggest worldwide seller of cell phones from 1998 to 2012(BBC News, 2012). During late years, Nokia has been a fruitful dealer of low and medium end cell phones. Be that as it may, right now the PDA is the main and generally utilized cell phone and the organization couldn't stay up with that innovation. The decay has been shocking. The stock exchanged at over $40 per share in 2007. It has now tumbled to under $2 (Ogg, 2012). It once had a piece of the overall industry of over 30% and now it has under 4% (Calkins, 2013). The piece of the overall industry fell as an outcome of the rapid utilization of touch screen advanced cells from contender organizations. Since that destruction, Nokia attempted to recuperate through the Microsoft organization in 2011, changing the working arrangement of the its advanced cells from Symbian to Windows yet deals of the Nokia PDAs jumped widely (Dediu, 2013). Nokia propelled its first full fledge contact screen advanced mobile phone Nokia 5800 followed by N97 in 2009. The telephones didn't contend well in the advanced mobile phone showcase. The most recent scope of Nokia items are the telephones from the Nokia Lumia arrangement. Available right now, are the Lumia 925, the Lumia 920, the Lumia 820, the Lumia 720, the Lumia 620â and the Lumia 520 and the Lumia 1020. The predominant organization is on its street to disappointment on account of significant rivalry by Samsung, Blackberry and Apple. Despite the fact that it has such huge numbers of items from the Lumia arrangement, Nokia is as yet confronting significant rivalry from essentially the iPhone and gadgets running on Android. Clients despite everything have not considered anything to be momentous from Nokia as the Samsung Galaxy S3 or the iPhone 5. The iPhone has assumed control over the market because of its

Words for Extreme Weather Events

Words for Extreme Weather Events Words for Extreme Weather Events Words for Extreme Weather Events By Mark Nichol What’s the distinction between a tropical storm, a hurricane, and a typhoon? The initial two sorts of climate occasions are violent winds that support surface breezes of in any event 74 miles for each hour-quicker than practically any interstate speed limit in the United States. The term â€Å"tropical storm† alludes to a corrupted tropical storm or hurricane. Also, for what reason are there discrete assignments for tropical storms, hurricanes, and violent winds, which are basically indistinguishable climate occasions? Typhoons are storms that grow east of the International Date Line, which runs north to south through the center of the Pacific Ocean. Tropical storm is gotten from the native Taino language’s word hurakn, which was acquired into Spanish as huracn and thereupon into English. Taino was spoken all through the islands of the Caribbean Sea, so it is characteristic that the language would rouse present-day utilization. (Various different words get by osmosis from that dead language into English, including grill, lounger, and tobacco.) Tropical storm, on the other hand, comes from Greek, in spite of the fact that it alludes basically to storms happening in the region of China and the Philippines, on the opposite side of the International Date Line. What’s the association? The Greek expression typhon was appropriated by the Arabs and thus discovered its way into Chinese, affected by a comparable sounding Chinese word for â€Å"big wind.† And typhoon, additionally from Greek (at last from kyklos, likewise the root of circle and cycle), is utilized famously in the South Pacific Ocean, however researchers overall utilize the term when talking or writing in English. For what reason do we underwrite names of storms, hurricanes, and typhoons, and for what reason would they say they are alloted people’s first names? These are shows set up in the mid 1950s by mainstream researchers to recognize at least two climate occasions happening at or close to a similar time. (For the primary 25 years, just female names were utilized, after an ordered rundown. Beginning in 1978, male names were utilized also.) The custom of doling out close to home names to extreme tempests really returns many years, be that as it may; Caribbean typhoons were named after holy people dependent on which saint’s day the tempest happened, and the task of women’s names dates to the late nineteenth century. About eighty names have, in light of the disastrous seriousness of the occasion, been resigned from the rundown, a normal of more than one per year; in 2005, Hurricane Katrina was just one of five tempests whose names were resigned in light of the particularly pulverizing nature of the tempest. The score invigorated to evaluate a hurricane’s is likewise promoted; the most significant level is Category 5. Todays YouTube video: Inquire versus Enquire Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Arrive To versus Show up AtCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Impact of Hydrological Cycle on Earths Surface Processes

Effect of Hydrological Cycle on Earths Surface Processes The effect of a changing hydrological cycle on Earth’s surface procedures Presentation The hydrological cycle is the pattern of procedures by which water courses between the earth’s seas, air, and land, including precipitation as downpour and day off, in streams and waterways, and come back to the air by vanishing and transpiration.(Website 1) Throughout this article I will stress the significance of this cycle along with the components that influence the water quality corresponded with the environmental change and the immediate effect upon three Earth topographical surfaces. The significance of the Hydrological Cycle Figure 1 : the hydrological cycle (vanishing, buildup, precipitation, surface spillover, invasion and transpiration and the changes of water between the strong, fluid and gas stages) (site 2) This procedure is critical for the biosphere, as it continues all the life on Earth. Despite the fact that water is consistently reused, late examinations affirm that immediate or circuitous human exercises (non-renewable energy sources consuming, industrial facility contamination, and so on.) have an immense effect upon nature and ceaseless contamination may cause genuine changes on the hydrological cycle, influencing both water quality and the procedures that occur on Earth’s surface. Variables that impact the water quality Fast development of populace and overwhelming industrialisation combined with a feeble exertion to locate an increasingly reasonable method of waste removal are the principle factors that incite water contamination.( Hennigan, 1969) Figure 2: different wellsprings of water contamination (site 3) Concoction contamination The concoction business is one of the most significant dangers to water defilement. For instance the most risky squanders that originate from the compost fabricating plants are nitrogen and phosphorous and their shifting compound structures. Nitrates can build eutrophication, prompting the advancement of green growth and macrophytes development influencing along these lines the water quality. Concerning people, the wellbeing perils identified with nitrates present in water are viewed as newborn child methemoglobinemia and malignant growth appearance. Phosphates can influence the development pace of sea-going plants that may fix environmental nitrogen. Under these conditions, phosphate turns into the development constraining specialist, and projects to control eutrophication have commonly looked to diminish accessible phosphate limits, to forestall over the top algal and macrophyte development, with ensuing increment in supplement maintenance. ( Bahadori et al,2013) Natural contamination Bacterial contamination of water is the most genuine danger, as ailments can be transmitted effectively through the underground water framework. It just can be expelled by filtration through a thick layer of permeable and penetrable dregs, however this happens just in specific territories. In the event that the organic danger will happen in one spot, it will be transmitted a few kilometers from the underlying spot through water dissemination, influencing an enormous zone. That’s why it is essential to have a sewerage framework diverting the human squanders from the source, or to have a funneled water gracefully. Diary (American Water Works Association, 1957) Changes of the hydrological cycle influencing Earth’s surfaces The concoction or organic contamination of water can prompt changes in atmosphere and temperature that can influence the Earth’s surface procedures. Compound Weathering Enduring is the compound or physical procedure that changes the stone structures situated on Earth surface. So as to happen, the stones must be legitimately presented to water and air. The enduring breaking down happens at the sub-minute level, and in this way uncovered rocks that contain complex pore frameworks, crack surfaces and grain limits give the ideal surface where the synthetic enduring happens. Nonetheless, as the grouping of synthetic substances in the air expands, the procedure is quickened. ( Siegesmund et al, 2002) Compound enduring rate relies upon three fundamental variables: temperature, measure of surface territory and accessibility of water or regular corrosive. Along these lines, the stones in the tropical situations experience the most extreme enduring.( Siegesmund et al, 2002) Figure 3: Cube measurements versus surface region (site 4) Since water is a dipolar atom, it is sorted as a decent dissolvable having the option to break down numerous synthetic compounds.(Mahhafy) notwithstanding this impact, water helps decay through corrosive activity, hydrolysis and oxidation. A genuine model is the enduring of silicate minerals via carbonic corrosive that structures by the association of water with carbon dioxide from the air. The response is given beneath: 2KAlSi3O8+ H2O + 2H2CO3= Al2Si2O5(OH)4+ 2K+++4SiO2(aq)+ 2HCO3 Different minerals that break up effectively in water are halite and calcite. Specifically, structures made out of limestone and marble contain calcite and are inclined to synthetic enduring by dissolution.(for model marble gravestones ) Disintegration Disintegration alludes to the transportation of rock particles and minerals from the underlying area to another. It is not the same as enduring as it is a unique component. The fundamental power that incites disintegration is gravity and the principle specialists are: wind, downpour, running water, and ice sheets. As the temperature builds, the measure of downpour is additionally expanded so the transportation of silt is quicker. The outcome is the fast disintegration of the waterway banks, creating a more extensive channel. A genuine case of this procedure can found in the declarations of Kansas occupants. They expressed that Cimarron River, which was a little wandering stream in 1914, started to increment after the flood from that year. The channel at Point of Rocks was 66feet in 1874, yet in 1916, a scaffold of 644 feet was important to be worked so as to cross the channel by then. By 1939, the width was estimated as being 1400 feet, such huge numbers of houses were inundated by the divert in 1944. (McLaughlin, 1947) Figure 4: Aerial perspective on Cimarron River in the region of Point of Rocks(lower left corner at N) and Elkhart connect (upper right place) (McLaughlin, 1947) Affidavit The last advance in the enduring erosional framework is affidavit. The stone particles that are gotten and shipped by a dissolving specialist will be kept in a last area and the disintegration operators will become statement specialists. The saved dregs will at that point be masterminded from biggest to littlest, process known as level arranging. The primary factor that impact the arranging of the stones is water. In any case if the stream is high, little particles like earth, sand and residue will be found in the depositional bowl along with a huge amount of greater dregs, including rocks, cobbles and stones.( The International Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1997) Diameter(mm) Molecule type 256 mm and up Stones 64-256 mm Cobbles 2-64 mm Stones 0.0625-2 mm Sand 0.002-0.0625 mm Residue 0.002mm and littler Mud Table 1 : The measurement of different dregs that can be found in depositional basins(Grotzinger et al, 2010) End The substance and natural contamination of water is in an immediate connection with the progressions that happen in the procedures on Earth’s surface. The arrival of poisonous gases in the air adds to the expansion in temperature that straightforwardly influences the hydrological cycle. As the temperature is expanded, the measure of water that is encouraged is likewise expanded and surface procedures, for example, enduring, disintegration and statement are quickened causing rock deterioration, modification of waterway banks or the high wealth of huge dregs in the depositional bowls. Book reference Books and Journals Water Pollution Robert D. Hennigan BioScience Vol. 19, No. 11 (Nov., 1969) (pp. 976-978) Alireza Bahadori Malcolm Clark and Bill Boyd,2013. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology Essentials of Water Systems Design in the Oil, Gas, and Chemical Processing Industries, Siegesmund, S., Weiss, T. Vollbrecht, A. (eds) 2002. Regular Stone, Weathering Phenomena, Conservation Strategies and Case Studies. Land Society, London, Special Publications, 205 The American Water Works Association, (April 1957) Pollution of Ground Water World Health Organization Report Journal Vol. 49, No. 4 (pp. 392-396) The International Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1997.Rain disintegration peril assessment by soil surface smaller scale topographic highlights An instance of the dirt misfortune plots at ChiangDao try station, northern Thailand. (pp. 45-58.) Thad G. McLaughlin, (Mar., 1947). The Accelerated Channel Erosion in the Cimarron Valley in Southwestern Kansas. Diary of Geology Vol. 55, No. 2 (pp. 76-93) Grotzinger, J, Jordan, T H, Press, F and Siever, R (2010). Getting Earth (sixth Edition) pp Website pages http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/water-cycle http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html http://visual.merriam-webster.com/pictures/earth/condition/water-pollution.jpg http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G229Lect06121Weathering.pdf

Christian Motif in Dracula

Despite the fact that the novel depicts Anta-Charlatans esteems and convictions, Abram Stoker as ready to utilize various strategies in his novel to show how the Catholic convictions were helpful as a security towards malicious, and to have the option to analyze the forces among great and malevolence. All through the novel, the peruser can evidently see a portion of the characters' change from being a piece of the English Church to a Catholic one. One of the most clear models is Jonathan Harder, the English Churchman.When he originally got the rosary and cross from the woman, he had blended emotions since his congregation considered those to be as excessive. In any case, the character builds up a â€Å"obvious social and strict tolerance† (Stars, D. Bruno) towards the Catholic Church. As Harder comes back to Transylvania, he's the inverse as he initially left †rather than being distant from everyone else, uncertain and Protestant, he is currently In a gathering, experienc ed, and semi Catholic. † (Stars, D. Bruno) There are numerous Instances all through the novel where Abram Stoker makes a purposeful anecdote to the Bible.The otherworldly being Drachma speaks to the idea of Satan since his depictions are resoundingly evil: hen rankled his eyes light like â€Å"the flares of damnation fire blasted behind them† (Stoker, Abram) and he flashes a â€Å"smile that Judas in hellfire may be pleased of† (Stoker, Abram) One direct moral story to the Bible's Book of Revelation's four places of the end of the world was when Drachma showed up in a â€Å"calâ ©chew, with four horses† (Stoker, Abram). Likewise the utilization of upper casing of individual pronouns regarding Drachma, which is commonly saved to God, implies that Drachma is introduced on a standard with God.This persistent SE of Catholic moral story explains the motivation behind Broker's use of Catholicism as a theme. The battle among great and fiendishness likewise help depict the reason for Stoker's utilization of Catholicism. All together for Seward, Mina, Harder, Morris, and Helping to crush Drachma they needed to cooperate with both innovation and their own confidence. The character would frequently end up requesting God's assistance and saying the stage â€Å"God's will be finished. † With the expansion in their Catholic confidence, the characters were seeped to have faith in their strict instruments and thrashing Drachma.With confidence and expectation on Catholicism, they had the option to accomplish their objective. The utilization of Catholicism as a theme obviously underpins the possibility of Drachma being a star Catholic purposeful publicity. Stoker had the option to satisfy his motivation by spreading his goals and convictions of the Catholic Church. Stoker had the option to delineate Protestants and Catholics calmly cooperating, anyway he did exclude the Protestant confidence to the pulverization of Drachma (Stars, D. Bruno).

Design an e-Business System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Plan an e-Business System - Essay Example Appropriate correspondence stay basic in guaranteeing the minimisation of blunders; subsequently improvement of the business procedure. The usage of a web based framework for building up joins between sales reps, clients and providers stays fundamental in progress of the procedures. The various partners will get to data from a focal source, and offer data from a similar focus. This sharing can viably improve business procedures and increment the company’s piece of the pie. Destinations The principle reason for the subsystem remains guaranteeing fast exchange of data and sharing between different partners. The framework targets improving the business procedure and expanding adequacy of the way toward making deals and assembling. Improvement of these procedures can bring about expanded deals inferable from the diminished time taken in making orders and conveying supplies. The use of the framework destinations can guarantee the organization deals increment altogether, guaranteein g the organization accomplishes noteworthy development. Foundation Avitz Bike is a UK based assembling organization which represents considerable authority in various kinds of bicycles for various markets all inclusive. While the organization encounters a significantly decent piece of the pie, solid rivalry has brought about diminished piece of the overall industry in the course of the most recent 5 years. This decrease has been ascribed to the term taken before bicycles are conveyed to clients. The organization depends vigorously on deals made through various retailers over the United Kingdom. While the usage of retailers has persistently given adequate piece of the pie, improvement in the selling procedure stays unavoidable as the organization tries to expand deals. The use of an E-business framework looks to guarantee the organization diminishes the conveyance time for most items. This would successfully expand the present deals volume, thus expanding the piece of the pie. The or ganization has received the E-business procedure to dispose of the protracted flexibly chain, present in the present technique. Depiction of the business procedure The way toward accepting requests inside the business includes direct correspondence with retailers, through phone, electronic information trade of copy. The retailers first reach team leads, to haggle on various item costs, before making requests to the organization. The requests are then exposed to an approval procedure, which incorporates check of different request necessities as expressed by the retailer. This approval procedure brings about acknowledgment or dismissal of the request. Following the approval of various requests, required parts can be requests to upgrade the amassing of the mentioned bicycle. The client particulars decide how the merchants convey bicycles to different retailers. When using process, the organization doesn't make direct contacts with the clients making the procedure protracted. The organi zation uses a data framework created in 1997, based on LAN with Windows NT as the customer server framework. The present framework contains data with respect to clients, providers, bicycles and other physical characteristics of organization items. A portion of the data contained inside the framework stays accessible to explicit offices, a perspective which causes delays. Issues and arrangements in venture that the organization is confronting The organization faces various difficulties coming about because of the present business procedure and data frameworks. The most serious issue

251 talks avery

251 talks avery hello! im creating a podcast. the tentative name for the podcast is 251 Talks01 honestly, im definitely going to change this name. please help me come up with better names. because all the talks happen in my room, which is room 251. the general goal is to talk to lots of different people at MIT about their experiences here, and about MIT in general. most of the people i talk to will be people on my hall, but today im talking with my friend Avery N. 19, who lives in Pika02 an independent living group. and is a part of Toons.03 a wonderful acapella group that im a part of. the quality of the audio isnt amazing (since im using a Snowball as my mic and my room isnt very sound-proof), and theres lots of things that need improvement for next time, but overall this was an instructive first recording session. im working to get the podcast transcribed, and also get a cover art for the podcast, and also maybe have a cute jingle? c: happy listening~ transcript honestly, i'm definitely going to change this name. please help me come up with better names. back to text ? an independent living group. back to text ? a wonderful acapella group that i'm a part of. back to text ?

International business management - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION: Coming together is a beginning Keeping together is progress working together is success. Henry Ford This report describes the successful application of reflective learning to promote critical self-awareness and improve both individual and team performance, in a group project work assessment for MSc in International Business Management at LJMU. Boyd and Fales (1983) defined reflection as: The process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience ,which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self and which results in a changed conceptual perspective. According to the suggestions of Kolb learning cycle, i.e. Reflective observation (watching) Abstract conceptualization (thinking) Active experimentation (doing) Concrete experience (feeling) The team members engaged themselves in reflective practice of Assimilating, Organizing, Implementing and Executing the assessment on Burberry case study. (Jennifer Annoon, 2000) GROUP WORK ANALYSIS: Many professional bodies and educational quality institutions now require that students have proven experience of working in groups or teams (Blease, 2006 in Kelly 2007). Hence forth we formed a group to invigilate the challenges and issues that the Trafford group was confronting. To compliment this, catholic youth council (1980) also stated that when examining the relative success and failure amongst group works, the selection process may be a key variable in establishing criteria for successful group work. 1. GROUP FORMATION: For this particular assessment, the group was christened by choice and acceptance i.e. students were given the liberty to select a peer and later on were clubbed with another team to form a clique. A group becomes a team when each member is sure enough of himself and his contribution to praise the skills of the others. Initially group was formed with low level of conflicts and high level of group cohesion. The presentation was due in 3 weeks; the roles were assigned, norms were laid and work was divided as a part of group contract. Scheduled meetings were altered at regular intervals considering team members availability and preferences. The members in the group had 4 attributes namely activist, reflector, pragmatist and theorist. Honey and Mumford linked Kolbs learning cycle with the personal attributes. 4 Members A(reflector)- reviewing and observation B(theorist)- developed thought process and conclusion C(pragmatist)- applied theory in practice with the existing ideas D(activist)- application through action in a new circumstance with new ideas. 2. GROUP DEVELOPMENT Effective teamwork plays a vital role in group development. The key factors which effect the group are conflict management, personality traits, individual performance and time management Shaw and Barrett Power (1998) explained group development and the creation of a productive working /learning with the help of a model showing the effect of diversity and small group processes on performance. The model reflects that a successful group work requires open communication, symbiosis, effective conflict management discussion of strategy and the appropriate weighing of individual inputs into decisions. Bruce Tuckman (1965) developed a four stage model of group development. He labeled the stages forming, storming, norming, performing and ten years later added a fifth stage called adjourning. In the first week, our group was in the forming stage. Initially all members were confused and uncertain in assessing the assigned work. We did the Big Five Locater (Kelly) personality test to assess the personality trait clusters of each individual in the team. This helped each member to analyze each other. Group contract helped us to overcome these barriers by defining the goals, establishing rules and getting acquainted to the task in hand. During the first week of discussion, time consensus was a big issue, as couple of members had their vocations. There was constant atoning of the schedule, which had spilled the beans for a conflict. However according to Maddux R.B., (1998) conflict is healthy when it causes the group to explore new ideas, test their standards and beliefs and stretch their imagination. When conflict is dealt constructively, people can be stimulated to great creativity, which will lead to a wider choice of action and better results. Another important aspect was that the group was more into planning than execution (Schon, 1983). In the later part of the second week the group progressed well by understanding each other and got settled down as an appeased group. A whole brained approach for development and execution is an essential constituent to stimulated long term productivity (Eales-White,2005). This approach was taken by the group members by applying a variety of different learning abilities towards common objectives which was more focused and integrated, which helped in enhancing the Burberry case study. With a combination of formal and informal practices group gained a potential competitive advantage while performing. 3. CRITICAL EVALUATION AND REFLECTIONS: Group conflict is essential for a groups cohesion. It helps groups identify areas of common values; provides group stability through shared beliefs, helps to balance the difference between extreme ideologies and helps to clarify roles and structures frequently. If managed constructively, conflict can be a strong indicator of the groups effectiveness (Mary Holz-Clause, 1996) Issues: Time Consensus: One of the serious hurdle faced by the members during the discussions were meeting the time requirement. Although all had opined to meet on an agreed time. The attendance was really an impeding factor. There was constant atoning of the schedule which resulted in frequent feuds between the members giving rise to clouds of disharmony amid group. Cold war: The transmission of information and exchange of meaning between two or more people is communication and lack of which can lead to ambiguous situations, where people may differ in the reception of intended meanings (Buchanan and Huczynski ). We were initially distracted by the pall of uncertainty that was prevailing due to profuse interpersonal misconceptions. The group was deprived of amiable and cordial environment as none were gelling together. The varied attributes and behavioural differences among the members of the group proved to be significance for the meetings but at the same time, differences in ideologies and perceptions lead to clashes. Personal Commitments: Another persistent worry was the prior commitment of the members. Couple of them were employed and we found it really challenging to have their presence in the meeting during the initial stages of the discussions. They had irregular shifts which aggravated the situation furthermore. Lack of Acceptance: Members were too much into there own findings that they gave less importance to others work. REFLECTIONS: The recurring issues had to be solved and the garbage can model (Cohen, March and Olsen, 1972) was used which suggests a scenario where decisions have a random element to them. For an effective decision to be reached, the problems and solutions had to come together. Bringing them together was a challenge. Developing the ability to identify relevant problems and seeking radical solutions by bringing the right people together at the right time. In order for them to reach the sometimes radical decisions that will be needed in often turbulent environment (Ian Brooks, 1999). Conclusion REFERENCE: BROOKS, Ian and Cohen etal.(1999).Decision making.Organisational behaviour-individuals, groups and the organisation,Pearson Education.edi.5.p.32 BUCHANAN, David and HUCZYNSKI, Andrzej(2004).chapter6Communication.Organisational communication- commitment and propaganda,Pearson Education.p.207 CLAUSE Mary Holz.(1996), https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/wholefarm/html/c6- 55.html, date accessed 23/03/08

Musical Movement of Jazz - 606 Words

Everyone has a favorite type of music. Many people follow music closely and have unique tastes. Some people find genres and mixes of genres that they like. People find other people who share these musical interests. People who immerse themselves in a genre or performer find the live performance particularly meaningful and seek out those artists in concert. Music concerts are some of the biggest and most attended events in our modern culture. These are venues where people come together and express themselves through movement and sound. Individuals transcend their everyday experience, connecting to the performers and each other. It is addictive. Its almost religious. The desire to return to that â€Å"mountain top† is powerful. If it is powerful for the audience, how much more powerful is it to the performers. What if the flow just isn’t there next time. What if a tolerance level starts to build up. The level In the modern era, one of the first big movements in music was jazz. Jazz is a evolution of music, which brings together traditional european harmonies with blue notes and improvisation with are usually associated with traditional african music. This music, in its early and most basic forms, was played and personalized all over the world, but there are places in the United States that are generally considered the â€Å"birthplace† of jazz, more specifically the south. Since then, Jazz has become one of the most popular and widely listened to genres of music in history. WhatShow MoreRelatedJazz Music: A Progressive Work of Art1163 Words   |  5 PagesJazz music can be likened to a progressive work of art. Throughout its history, Jazz music theory and techniques are continuously advancing and reforming as musicians pursue their interests by seeking new methods of expression. 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The Repetition of the piece made me enjoy the song and it also stayed in my head I couldn’t get the pieces melody out of my head even long after the performance, I know that Jazz pieces tend to do that often. The musical instrument that seem

Apology And Aristophanes The Clouds - 982 Words

What worries many great intellectuals is the thought of being represented. The scholar Socrates was know as a calculated man who tried to delve into and honestly answer all of his quagmires about life and the universe. While this may be true, when comparing many of the contemporary Athenians who quote him there are countless inconsistencies. Not only do these irregularities intrigue present day students of classical works, they raise questions about the veracity of his quoted works. There are some works which shed a positive light on the scholar while others convey the contrary. One such comparison is that of Plato’s book, Apology and Aristophanes’ play The Clouds. Throughout both masterpieces there are connotations that they both disagreed and presumably misrepresented Socrates’ methods, beliefs and overall views. Misrepresenting Socrates has inevitably created an only partial representation of the real, truth seeking man that he was and has forced the present d ay scholar to accept the inconsistencies as part of the mysteries of Ancient Greece. The interactions that the two authors had with Socrates created a motive for each’s objectives and thus modeled their works differently. The playwright Aristophanes was much old than Plato and his work, The Clouds, was released when Plato was very young. At that period many â€Å"average† less sophisticated older citizen scoffed at Sophists’ allegedly perverted and warped logic. Aristophanes work fits that genre. Aristophanes had littleShow MoreRelatedEssay Clouds vs. The Apology1649 Words   |  7 Pages Clouds vs. The Apology In Aristophanes Clouds and in Platos Apology we see extensive fictional representations of the historical figure, Socrates, who left us no literary works under his own name. When comparing these two representations, readers often assume, as a result of the nature of the comedic genre, that Aristophanes portrayal of Socrates is exaggerated and fallacious. On the other hand, Platos account is often taken more seriously as a result of the philosophical genre and theRead MoreClassical Essay780 Words   |  4 Pages Second Paper Assignment Shonell Maynard In the books; The Clouds written by Aristophanes, and The Apology, written by Plato, the philosopher Socrates is portrayed in two different ways. Plato, being a loyal follower of Socrates, portrays him as being a very simple man who is always open to learning new wisdom. However, Aristophanes portrays him as an atheist who practices sophistry along with a number of different crimes. People question whetherRead MoreAristophanes’ Clouds a Satyr Play Written in 419 BCE1161 Words   |  5 PagesAristophanes’ Clouds, if read hastily, can be interpreted as a mindless satyr play written in 419 BCE. Yet the chorus warns the reader not to expect the play to have farcical ploys like â€Å"a hanging phallus stitched on† the actors to evoke a laugh, but to take note of underlying seriousness as â€Å"she [the play] comes in trusting only her words† (Clouds 538-44). Even if the play does use some low devices, the play’s message is sophisticated and can be read as a warning to Socrates. Aristophanes isRead MoreAnalysis of Socrates in Aristhphane ´s Clouds and Plato ´s Apology1081 Words   |  5 Pagesclaimed to know anything that he questioned. In Plato’s text â€Å"Apology† Socrates is depicted as a man who was arrogant, hypercritical of others, and fixed on his ways no matter the consequences. He had the qualities of a man who saw no error in what he was doing because he thought he was above average men, and thought he was a benefit to society against what others claimed. In contrast Socrates’ portrayal in Aristophanes’ play â€Å"Clouds† is more positive, his character was written wanting men to beRead MoreSocrates’ Speech in Apology975 Words   |  4 PagesAristophanes’ Clouds, if read hastily, can be interpreted as a mindless satyr play written in 419 BCE. Yet the chorus warns the reader not to expect the play to have farcical ploys like â€Å"a hanging phallus stitched o n† the actors to evoke a laugh, but has underlying seriousness as â€Å"she [the play] comes in trusting only her words† (Clouds 538-44). Even if the play does use some low devices, the play’s message is sophisticated and can be read as a warning to Socrates. Aristophanes is a â€Å"friendlyRead MoreSocrates: The Dichotomy between Aristophanes and Plato’s Depictions1489 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween Aristophanes and Plato’s Depictions Ignorance: the condition of being uninformed or uneducated; this basic definition is crucial to understanding one of the most controversial figures in ancient Athenian society: the philosopher Socrates. The man’s entire life was devoted to proving the fact that no one actually knew what they thought they did; that everyone lived in ignorance. This viewpoint earned Socrates many enemies, so many that even a renowned playwright, Aristophanes, decidedRead More The Clouds by Aristophanes Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe Clouds by Aristophanes - Relevant in Todays World The Clouds by Aristophanes, is a play centrally concerned with education. Aristophanes employs satire to illustrate his conservative beliefs. It is intended to show readers that in the tendency to philosophical subtleties lies the neglection of the real needs of the Athenians. According to Aristophanes, philosophical speculation only acts to shake the established foundations of accepted religion, gods, and ideals of morality. Read MorePoli Sci Midterm1155 Words   |  5 Pagesguided reason and language. 2. Is Socrates against nature, or following it? Please draw examples from Aristophanes’ The Clouds and the relevant Platonic Dialogues. In the four dialogues, Socrates professes that he is for nature in different ways. He describes nature and human nature. He believed that human nature involves reasoning and consisted of metaphysical concepts. In Aristophanes’ â€Å"The Clouds,† Socrates states that he believes that the Gods are not the ones who produce rain and thunder butRead MoreSocrates : The Father Of Western Philosophy747 Words   |  3 Pagesonly one of the most influential intellectual to have ever lived, but also one of the most controversial. His ideology, teachings, and beliefs are still discussed, debated, and quoted to this day. Using one of his students, Plato and looking at Aristophanes work, one can draw concluding thoughts on why Socrates brought so much controversy to the table and how both perspectives seem to tell a different story. Socrates was a Greek philosopher between 470BC to 399BC. He is remembered as the father ofRead More Socrates Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagesof absolutes. This alternative is not without its faults. Socratic philosophy is plagued by a destructive element. It reduces the authoritative opinions about political life but replaces it with nothing. This is the vital stem from which the quot;Apology of Socratesquot; is written. Because of the stinging attack on Athenian life, and the opinions which they revere so highly, Socrates is placed on trial for his life. The question now becomes why and in what manner did Socrates refute the gods and

The Alchemist Overview

The Alchemist is an allegorical novel published in 1988 by Paulo Coelho. After an initial lukewarm reception, it became a worldwide bestseller, with more than 65 million copies sold.   Fast Facts: The Alchemist Title: The AlchemistAuthor: Paulo CoelhoPublisher:  Rocco, an obscure Brazilian publishing houseYear Published: 1988Genre: AllegoricalType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: PortugueseThemes: Personal Legend, pantheism, fear, omens, biblical metaphorsCharacters: Santiago, the Englishman, Melchizedek, the crystal merchant, Fatima, the alchemist  Notable Adaptations: An illustrated version with artwork provided by Moebius, a graphic novel produced in 2010.Fun Fact: Coelho wrote The Alchemist in two weeks, and, after one year, the publisher gave the rights back to Coelho, who felt that he had to heal from the setback, which led him to spend time in the Mojave desert. Plot Summary Santiago is a shepherd from Andalusia who, while resting in a church, dreams about pyramids and treasures. After having his dream interpreted by an old woman, and after learning the concept of â€Å"Personal Legends,† he sets out to find those pyramids. Significant stops in his journey include Tangier, where he works for a crystal merchant, and the oasis, where he falls in love with Fatima, a â€Å"desert woman,† and meets an alchemist. During his travels, he also gets acquainted with the concept of the â€Å"Soul of the World,† which makes all beings partake in the same spiritual essence. This allows him to turn into the wind while facing some captors. Once he finally reaches the pyramids, he learns that the treasure he’d been looking for was by the church where he was resting at the beginning of the novel. Major Characters Santiago. Santiago is a shepherd from Spain and the protagonist of the novel. While at first he is content with tending sheep, once he gets acquainted with the concept of Personal Legend, he sets out on an allegorical journey to pursue it. Melchizedek. Melchizedek is an old man who is actually a renowned biblical figure. He is a mentor to Santiago, as he educates him on the concept of â€Å"Personal Legend.† The Crystal Merchant. He owns a crystal shop in Tangier, and, even though he is aware of his own Personal Legend, he chooses not to pursue it, which leads to a life of regret.   The Englishman. The Englishman is a bookish individual who used to solely rely on books to pursue knowledge. He wants to learn alchemy and is looking for the alchemist who lives at the Al Fayoum oasis. Fatima. Fatima is a desert woman and Santiago’s love interest. She understands omens and is happy to let destiny run its course. The Alchemist. The titular character of the novel, he is a scimitar-wielding, black-clad 200-year-old man who lives at the oasis. He believes in learning by doing something rather than reading it. Major Themes The Personal Legend. Each individual has a Personal Legend, which is the only means by which to achieve a satisfying life. The universe is attuned to that, and it can achieve perfection if all of its creatures strive to achieve their own Personal Legend Pantheism. In The Alchemist, the Soul of the World represents the unity of nature. All living beings, are connected, and they have to undergo similar processes, as they share the same spiritual essence. Fear. Giving in to fear is what hinders the fulfillment of one’s own Personal Legend. As we see with the crystal merchant, who never heeded his calling to make a pilgrimage to Mecca out of fear, he ends up living in regret. Alchemy. Alchemy’s goal was to transform base metals into gold and to create a universal elixir. In the novel, alchemy serves as a metaphor of people’s journeys in pursuit of their own Personal Legend.   Literary Style The Alchemist is written in a simple prose that is heavy on the sensory details. It contains a lot of extremely quotable passages, which gives the book a â€Å"self-help† tone. About the Author Paulo Coelho is a Brazilian lyricist and novelist. He had a spiritual awakening upon walking the Road of Santiago de Compostela. He is the author of over 30 books between essays, autobiography, and fiction, and his work has been published in more than 170 countries and translated into more than 120 languages.

The Heart And Vascular Institute - 755 Words

Clinical Specialty Area The clinical area chosen was the Heart and Vascular Institute through one of the hospital systems I am employed with. I had been involved with a project that studied the readmissions experienced within the hospital system and established heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders (COPD) were our highest readmission problems. Our organization had found that millions of dollars had been left on the table since the Centers for Medicare Medicaid (CMS) handed down their final ruling in 2012 regarding reduced payments for preventable readmissions (CMS.gov, 2016). One of the outcomes of the project was the development of the rapid diuresis unit (RDU) through our Cardiac Decision Units (CDU) at several campuses. I often wondered how the RDU of the CDU was set up and how they function within the system. This is my opportunity to see the operation firsthand, the clientele it serves, the staff, and potential education needs that the department faces. Developing as an Advanced Nurse Educator The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) published report titled The Essentials of Master’s Education in Nursing (2011), where the core framework for all masters educated nurses is laid out to prepare for the dramatic changes seen in the delivery of healthcare today and in the future (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2011). I am excited to be with Walden’s vision to implement some advanced practice into the MSN inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Medical Technology has Increased Life Expectancy960 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical knowledge than ever. However micro vascular angina pectoris a medical term for chest pain remain number one killer in the world it is a discomfort due to coronary heart disease simply called angina. This occurs when the heart muscle temporarily doesnt get sufficient in order to function properly. In addition it’s usually happens because one or more of the hearts arteries is narrowed or blocked. In the article of Lana ma nagement of micro vascular angina pectoris he clearly explain the natureRead MoreOne Beat At a Time Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesOne Beat at a Time When we think of cardio vascular diseases, we usually always associate them with the loss of a family member or friend. Almost everyone knows of someone who is affected by these tragic diseases. Since the ancient times, there have been clues left showing possible cardio vascular diseases within the Egyptian families. The earliest proof of a cardio vascular disease is of a 3,500 year old Egyptian mummy with a serious case of arthrosclerosis, which was identified via modern CTRead MoreThe Death Of The Word Cancer Strikes Fear Into The Hearts Of So Most Hardened Of Us1658 Words   |  7 PagesToxicology Timed Essay Just the thought of the word cancer strikes fear into the hearts of even the most hardened of us. In excess of over 300,000 people were diagnosed with cancer back in 2011 according to statistics published on the cancer research website. Nearly 400 per 100,000 people in the UK alone were diagnosed with some variant of cancer in 2011, with lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and bowel cancer topping the charts. Of all the people diagnosed with cancer in 2012, just overRead MoreOrganizational Leaders : The Health System Of Choice Of Patients, Physicians, And Employees816 Words   |  4 Pages(Tri-City Medical Center Advanced Health care for You, 2015). Types of services: Palomar: The Only level-II trauma facility in the North County region. The hospital provides Heart and vascular services including medical cardiology, diagnostic, interventional cardiology , cardiology surgical, cardiac rehabilitation, and vascular services. Orthopedic trauma and fracture care, treatment for joint problems, knee and hip replacement, spine surgeries and conservative treatment and orthopedic rehabilitationRead MoreCommon Ways Of Diagnosing Myocardial Infarctions1252 Words   |  6 Pageselectrical activity. An EKG can show how fast your heart is beating, whether the rhythm of your heartbeats is steady or irregular, and the strength and timing of the electrical impulses passing through each part of your heart.† (National Institutes of Health, 2016). An ECG waveform involves multiple elements, each signifying a special phase of the depolarization-repolarization sequence. The base line represents no electrical activity, when the heart is resting. The P wave is t he initial verticalRead MoreLiterature Review : High Blood Pressure1107 Words   |  5 Pagesadequate tissue perfusion are essential in regulating the blood flow throughout the circulatory system (Lewis et al., 2010). Multiple factors that reflect the interrelationship of BP hemodynamically (blood flow) include cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, blood volume, blood viscosity and artery elasticity. Its measurement varies depending on the continuous influence of many factors such as age, stress, race, medications, activity, weight, smoking and gender (Potter Perry, 2014). FurthermoreRead MoreA Brief Note On Coronary Heart Disease ( Chd )814 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the obstruction of blood vessels that supply the heart muscle, due to the deposition of lipid material [1]. Figure 1 illustrates various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, influencing the prevalence of CHD within Australians. Figure 1: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors affecting the prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease in Australia [19] Modifiable Risk Factors Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Obesity Increasing age Hyperlipidemia GenderRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Prevalence Of Diabetes Essay910 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered to be less than 100 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter), and diabetes is diagnosed when the blood glucose level rises above 126 mg/dL. Prediabetes falls in between at a level 100-125 mg/dL. Individuals with prediabetes are at a higher risk of heart disease and other complications than those without prediabetes (Dorman et al., 2012) Prediabetes often does not present with any symptoms, and approximately 15% to 30% of individuals with pre-diabetes will progress to type 2 diabetes in five yearsRead MoreThe Leading Killer Of Women And Men Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the onset of Coronary Heart Disease. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) occurs when there is a blockage of blood flow to the heart. This blockage, is caused by a build-up of plaque in the heart’s arteries, which ruptures and becomes dislodged forming a blood clot that prevents oxygen- rich blood from reaching the heart. When blood to the heart is reduced this can trigger a myocardial infarction also known as a heart attack. The lack of blood to surrounding tissue in the heart can cause muscle death ifRead MoreCardiovascular Case Study : Cardiovascular Case Study1751 Words   |  8 Pagesleft untreated can have serious, lasting ill effects on the heart. In many instances, the damage is not visible until years later. The antibodies that are d eveloped to fight the strep infection can attack the heart and joints. When the valves are attacked by these antibodies, they can swell and become scarred. This leads to insufficient closing of the valves and regurgitation of blood causing the murmur sounds (Texas Heart Institute, 2014). The valve between the atrium and ventricle becomes

Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner Free Essays

Experiment 1: Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner: Andrew Lugliani January 9, 2012 Physics 132 Lab Section 13 Theory For this experiment we investigated and learned about simple harmonic motion. To do this we hung and measured different masses on a spring-mass system to calculate the force constant k. Simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion. We will write a custom essay sample on Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is best described as an oscillation motion that causes an object to move back-and-forth in response to a restoring force given by Hooke’s Law: 1) F=-kx Where k is the force constant. Then using two different procedures, we calculate the value of the force constant k of a spring in our oscillating system. We observed the period of oscillation and use this formula: 2) T=2(m/k) Then we reduced the equation to solve for the value of k by: 3) k=4^2/slope â€Å"Slope† represents the slope of the graph in procedure B. k is then the measure of the stiffness of the spring. We can then compare k to that of a vertically stretched spring with various masses M. By using the following equation: 4) Mg=kx Where x is the distance of the stretch in the spring. To find the value of the constant k we take the data from procedure A and graph it. Using this graph, we use equation: 5) k=g/slope We can compare the two values of the constant k. Both values should be exact since we used the same spring in both procedures. Here simple harmonic motion is used to calculate the restoring force of the spring-mass system. Procedure Part A: First, we set up the experiment by suspending the spring from the support mount and measured the distance from the lower end of the spring to the floor. After, we hung 100 grams from the spring and measured the new distance created from the stretch of the spring. We then repeated this step for masses 200 to 1000 grams, by increasing the weight by 200 grams each time. Then we took this data and plotted them on a graph with suspended weight Mg versus elongation x. After plotting this data we were then able to evaluate the force constant k from the slope of the graph. Part B: First, we suspend 100 grams from the spring and let it lay at rest. When the spring was naturally set in its equilibrium position, we slightly pulled down the weight and recorded the time it took for the weight to complete 10 oscillations and calculated the average period of each oscillation. We then repeated this process for masses 100 to 1000 grams by increasing the weight by 100 grams each time. After we completed this process we plotted a graph of T^2 verses suspended mass m with the data. When then found the intercept at T^2=0 to see how it would compare with the value of negative one-third the mass of the spring. We then also determined the spring constant k by calculating the slope of the graph and compared it with the spring constant k in part B. Data Part A: Mg(Kg/s^2)| X(m)| 1. 96| 0. 39| 3. 92| 0. 63| 5. 88| 0. 86| 7. 84| 1. 11| 9. 8| 1. 36| Part B: M(Kg)| T (s)| T(s)| T^2(s^2)| 0. 1| 8. 24| 0. 824| 0. 679| 0. 2| 9. 87| 0. 987| 0. 974| 0. 3| 12. 74| 1. 274| 1. 623| 0. 4| 14. 57| 1. 457| 2. 123| 0. 5| 16. 23| 1. 623| 2. 634| 0. 6| 17. 49| 1. 749| 3. 059| 0. 7| 19. 21| 1. 921| 3. 69| 0. 8| 20. 26| 2. 026| 4. 105| 0. 9| 21. 69| 2. 169| 4. 705| 1| 22. 89| 2. 289| 5. 24| Data Analysis How to cite Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner, Essay examples

Pros and Cons of the two Contrasting Leadership Free-Samples

Questions: 1.What leadership style do you feel is exhibited by Richard Branson? Define and discuss the characteristics of the style and cite specific examples from the case to support your argument2.Define and briefly discuss the Path-goal leadership theory. (House 1971), (House Mitchell 1974). House describes four leader behaviours. 3.Discuss how you believe the leadership styles of both Branson and Gou could impact on workers motivation, from either a positive or negative perspective4.If you were a consultant hired to Improve leadership at Foxconn, what changes would you recommend to Terry Gou to create a workplace that is more harmonious, less stressful and less toxic for Employees. Answers: Introduction This assignment deals with pros and cons of the two contrasting leadership styles (Transformational and Autocratic) followed by Richard Branson and Terry Gou, in the relationship with the theories of motivation. It discusses the characteristics of the two theories and their relation to the leadership styles of the two leaders. It also deals with the four features of path-goal leadership theory and their connection to Richard Branson and Terry Gou. The report describes the connection of Chinese culture to the success of Autocratic style of leadership. Discussion 1.Richard Branson exhibits the Transformational leadership style. In this style of leadership, the leader enhances the morale, performance, and motivation of employees. In this style of leadership the leader, works along with the subordinates to find out the changes required, creating guidance for the change and implementing the change (Garca-Morales et al. 2012). These types of leaders are able to create a work culture full of trust and innovation. Some of the key characteristics of the transformational leaders are as follows Keeping ego in check: It is very essential for the leader of transformational leadership to keep the ego in check and not let it interfere with every topic related to a subordinate. Keeping the ego in check is a great way to bring out the best from the employees. The case study of Richard Branson perfectly proves this point. As stated in the case study, Branson gives respect to employees by stepping back and giving them authority for taking their own decisions. He knows exactly when to intervene and when to step back keeping his ego aside (Grant, 2012). Self- Management: The transformational leaders possess the capability to manage themselves well. They do not follow conventional rules of leadership and does not need direction from others on how to operate. They do whatever they love. They possess values that cater to the interests of the organization. Richard Branson is a self made businessperson who is now operating more than 200 businesses and is now a billionaire. He does not carry the conventional look and behavior of CEOs. He does exactly what makes him happy like dressing as Che Guevara in a press conference, wearing butterfly wings on a boardroom (Wright et al. 2012). The capability of taking appropriate risks: Taking calculated risks is one of the key features of transformational leaders. They trust their instinct and take input from the team to evaluate a situation and take appropriate risks for increasing the productivity of the organization. Richard Branson is famous for his decisions on taking calculated risks. The first music album, which he released from his company Virgin Records, was of Mike Oldfield, had no potential of being a hit. This calculated risk taken by Branson proved to be a super success. The album became one of the best-selling albums of all time (Kelloway et al. 2012). Share Organizational consciousness: A transformational leader always shares his views with the subordinates while listening and giving importance to their views and opinions. This helps the leader to understand the team members. The subordinates also feel valued by the organization and take decisions fearlessly. Branson believes in demolishing corporate hierarchy and sharing his views with employees. He gives authorities to others to take decisions while giving them the opportunity to have ample leisure time. According to Branson employees are paid to think and lead rather than following others orders. This makes them feel valued (Chou, 2012.). Being Inspirational: One of the major works of a transformational leader is to inspire and motivate the employees. This includes motivating employees and recognizing their hard work. It is also the process of understanding the motivational factor of an employee. According to Branson, focusing on employees is the key to success. He debates that if an organization looks after its employees the employees will look after the customers. He motivates employees by considering their situation and granting them leaves whenever required. According to him, this inspires and motivates employees to be more productive. He believes in the implementation of fun in the working environment to inspire the employees who spend most of the time of their day in the organization (Manning and Curtis, 2012). The case study shows that Terry Gou follows the Autocratic style of leadership. This style considers the boss as the supreme. The leader holds all the authority and responsibility. This type of leadership provides no flexibility in the working environment. Autocratic leaders never involve employees in decision-making and are always force them to follow instructions (Wright and Escrib-Folch, 2012). There are some key characteristics of Autocratic leadership. The first is that they take little or no input from group members. Terry Gou follows the secretive style of leadership. He never shares new product launches with employees. He tightly controls the employees in military style and is never consults them for decision-making. The second characteristic of this type of leadership is that they consider the employees and their well-being as the last priority (Manning and Curtis, 2012). Terry Gou forces its employees to do 24-hour shifts when there are urgent requirements. They are never g iven the flexibility of taking leaves. The work environment of Foxconn is mentally and physically stressful with forced overtimes. Employees have certain facilities like swimming pool, medical facilities, and cafeteria. The constant pressure of working hard and giving output drives workers to commit suicide. In spite of the suicides committed by his organization Terry Gou has stuck to his policy of customer first employee last by making the employees sign a treaty, which absolves the company from the responsibility of any suicides. 2.The Path-Goal leadership theory is a theory on specifying the behavior of leaders that suits the employees and the work environment. The goal of this theory is to increase the motivation of employees and empowering the employees to make them satisfied with the organization (Dixon and Hart, 2010). According to this theory, satisfied employees are best for the productivity of the organization. House describes four styles of leadership The directive, path-goal clarifying leader: This type of leader clearly communicates the goal to the employees and the processes by which the goals can be achieved. This is followed when the subordinate is inexperienced and the task is unstructured and complex (Manning and Curtis, 2012). Achievement-oriented leader: This type focuses on setting challenging task oriented goals to its followers and expects them to perform at their highest level. The leaders also show immense confidence in the ability of the workers (Manning and Curtis, 2012). Participative leaders: This type of leadership involves and consults the followers while taking a decision. They consider the ideas of the subordinates while taking an action (Huang et al. 2010). Supportive Leaders: This leader creates a healthy and friendly working environment by showing concern to the employees for their well-being and considering their needs. This increases the self- esteem of employees and increases their motivation to work harder(Zhang and Bartol, 2010). The most evident leadership styles of Richard Branson are the participative leadership style and the supportive leadership style. Branson as a participative leader gives the employees authority and flexibility to decide on situations without consulting the hierarchy, involves them, and considers their views and opinions while taking decisions. Branson believes that this makes the employee feel valuable and wanted for the company thus increasing the employee retention. As a supportive leader, Branson believes in introducing fun in the working environment. He never interferes with the needs of the employees to take leaves and grants the whenever required. According to Branson employees who are happy in the working environment and can fulfill their social obligations are always more productive. Terry Gou follows the Directive and the Achievement-oriented leadership styles. Terry Gou exhibits a military control over employees by describing their work area and forcing them to follow leadership instructions blindly. He does not allow employees to cite their opinions before taking decisions. Terry Gou even keeps the product launch a secret. This is how he becomes directive in his leadership. Terry Gou is highly achievement-oriented. He forces employees to do 24-hour shifts and extreme overtimes when there is urgency. He never considers the needs of employees and is least bothered about the health of employees forcing them to commit suicide. 3.The Transformational leadership style as followed by Branson has many positive effects on the motivation of employees. This leadership model relates to the Hertzbergs Two-Factor Theory and Maslows hierarchy of needs theory of motivation. Hertzbergs motivation theory suggests that employees get motivated when they enjoy their work, feel recognized and sees the progression in the career (Ifinedo, 2012). They are also motivated when there is an open environment free communication throughout the hierarchy. According to Maslows theory, employees get motivated when the company considers their needs. The employees feel motivated when they know exactly what their roles are in the company and how their opinions are important in any decision making. The employees feel needed by the company. The company should also look after the employee's life outside of work by providing them flexible working hours so that they can also fulfill their family responsibilities. This highly motivates an employ ee and increases the productivity. Another motivation factor for employees is getting fair salary according to their responsibility (Deci and Ryan, 2012). A person following the transformational model of leadership positively affects the motivation of employees by following all the methods as discussed above. However, there are also negative effects of this leadership. The motivation employees get by feeling that they are part of the decision-making and goal setting can backfire when employees work long hours and are encouraged to go beyond their limitations to achieve the goal. This type of leadership has the tendency to train only selected individuals. Though this enhances the knowledge of those that receives the coaching, the other left out employees get de-motivated as they have the feeling that they are unimportant. The sharing of goals and asking the employees to take authority for goal achievement can also have a negative effect on productivity when employees are incapable of understanding the situation correctly and hence takes irrelevant decisions (Allio, 2012). Autocratic leadership style as followed by Gou contradicts Hertzbergs Two-Factor Theory and Maslows hierarchy of needs theory of motivation. It is not a very popular leadership theory and does not go well with the subordinates. The employees get de-motivated when they feel that the managers do not trust them and their inputs in any decision are not valued (Bhatti et al. 2012). They also get de-motivated when they fear of the punishments that the leaders use to motivate the subordinates. This leadership also has a negative effect on employee morale. The talented de-motivated employees always tend to leave the organization as the leaders discourage innovation. Although it has many negatives, this leadership style is effective at the time of crisis, when the employees need motivation from their superiors. The leaders can positively affect the motivation of employees by taking a sole decision without consultation and by telling them on how to recover the crisis. The employees feel motiva ted when they know that there is someone to guide them (Manzoor, 2012). 4.If I become a consultant at Foxconn, I would suggest Terry Gou to keep certain things in mind and implement these changes to be successful in the autocratic form of leadership. He should respect his subordinates because all are important for the fulfillment of organizational goal. Hence, he should introduce an environment of mutual respect (Manzoor, 2012). He should convey the employees, the reason for following certain procedure or orders. Terry Gou should follow company policies fairly and consistently. He should not differ on decisions in similar circumstances. He needs to leave the secretive policy of leadership. Employees need to understand the expectations fully to avoid miscommunications and misconceptions. Even if Terry Gou does not implement the ideas that come from the subordinates, he needs to listen to their views to make them feel valued and needed by the company. He should introduce policies to look after the physical and mental health of the employees, by reducing th eir exposure to toxic working environments, granting them leaves when required and by providing them flexible working hours. These changes will create a harmonious, less toxic and a less stressful work environment for employees. Chinese employees usually expect a harmonious relationship between the leader and the follower expects the leader to be directive. The Chinese culture follows the Confucian value system. According to this Confucian understanding, people tend to respect their superiors and follow their orders. Hence, the Chinese prefer autocratic leadership style. Chinese people are very sensitive to authority even in modern days. Another element of Chinese culture is guanxi. It defines the relationship between two parties characterized by affection and mutual obligations (Dickson et al. 2012). According to this concern of emotion and feelings develops a strong bond between the parties. These characteristics of Chinese culture hence prove that implementing the above-discussed changes in Foxconn will be a great success for the autocratic leadership of Terry Gou. Conclusion The above discussion concludes that leadership styles have the positive and negative impact on employees' motivation. The key lies in implementing different leadership styles according to the requirement of the situation. A person who knows the difference between leadership and motivation are successful. Leadership is rising above all circumstances and motivation is the insight that helps to rise above all circumstances. References Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), pp.1040-1050. Grant, A.M., 2012. Leading with meaning: Beneficiary contact, prosocial impact, and the performance effects of transformational leadership.Academy of Management Journal,55(2), pp.458-476. Wright, B.E., Moynihan, D.P. and Pandey, S.K., 2012. Pulling the levers: Transformational leadership, public service motivation, and mission valence.Public Administration Review,72(2), pp.206-215. Kelloway, E.K., Turner, N., Barling, J. and Loughlin, C., 2012. Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership.Work Stress,26(1), pp.39-55. Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G.M., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M.A. and Shaikh, F.M., 2012. The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on job satisfaction.International Business Research,5(2), p.192. Wright, J. and Escrib-Folch, A., 2012. Authoritarian institutions and regime survival: Transitions to democracy and subsequent autocracy.British Journal of Political Science,42(02), pp.283-309.Chou, S.Y., 2012. Millennials in the workplace: A conceptual analysis of millennials' leadership and followership styles.International Journal of Human Resource Studies,2(2), p.71. Manning, G. and Curtis, K., 2012.The art of leadership. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Ifinedo, P., 2012. Understanding information systems security policy compliance: An integration of the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory.Computers Security,31(1), pp.83-95. Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., 2012. Motivation, personality, and development within embedded social contexts: An overview of self-determination theory.The Oxford handbook of human motivation, pp.85-107. Allio, R.J., 2012. Leaders and leadershipmany theories, but what advice is reliable?.Strategy Leadership,41(1), pp.4-14. Dickson, M.W., Castao, N., Magomaeva, A. and Den Hartog, D.N., 2012. Conceptualizing leadership across cultures.Journal of World Business,47(4), pp.483-492. Manzoor, Q.A., 2012. Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), p.1. Dixon, M.L. and Hart, L.K., 2010. The impact of path-goal leadership styles on work group effectiveness and turnover intention.Journal of Managerial Issues, pp.52-69. Huang, X., Iun, J., Liu, A. and Gong, Y., 2010. Does participative leadership enhance work performance by inducing empowerment or trust? The differential effects on managerial and non?managerial subordinates.Journal of Organizational Behavior,31(1), pp.122-143. Zhang, X. and Bartol, K.M., 2010. Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement.Academy of management journal,53(1), pp.107-128.

Business Finance Measuring Cashflow at Risk

Question: Describe about the Business Finance for Measuring Cashflow at Risk? Answer: Introduction Event Planners Ltd. carry on the business of planning the events for the clients such as weddings, birthdays, etc. It is a newly established business with only two shareholders. In the first year of the business, the company is in loss with major liquidity issues as the bank account has an overdraft balance and the company is unable to pay creditors on time. The company has appointed a manager to carry on the business of the company. But the directors feels that he is using funds of the company recklessly and his acts are not in the interest of the company. Difference between Cashflow Profits for the business Cashflow is the difference between the cash received during the year and the cash used during the year. Profit is the revenue from the sale of goods services, whether received in cash or yet to be received less all the expenses made during the year whether actually paid or yet to be paid. Profit is not equal to the Cashflow during the year. Business can be in loss and at the same time positive Cashflow. Similarly, there may be negative Cashflow and business is still making good profit. (Bizfilings, 2012) For a successful business, there must be a balance between both the Cashflow profit. (Sharma, 1996) Importance of Cash Profits for the business survival Profit making is the primary purpose of the business. It is a vital part of business, but profit is not the only purpose for the existence of the business. For the survival of business profit is essential, as profit has its own function in the business survival. Profit is required to pay the investors and stakeholders as return for the investment of money or time they invested in the business. Profit is needed for the running, expansion, growth and development of business. Profit also act as a financial indicator of how well business is working. Cash plays a major role in the survival of the business. A business in loss can survive for short to medium duration if it is generating enough cash. As cash is needed for paying of any stuff. And no business can survive without enough cash to meet its immediate needs. At the same time holding excess cash is also of no use. It will be a loss of potential earnings. So, the liquidity should be maintained in any business to manage the balance of cash in the business as per the business requirement. Identify and explain why business can report a profit, but be short of cash. Profits and cashflows are related to each other. They are the financial measurement of the business. They are not directly related to each other, both depict different thing about the business. Cashflow measures the business ability to pay its expenses while profit measures the sustainability of the business. Cashflow is the cash balance after considering all the cash receipts and deducting cash payme/nts for the period. Whereas, profit is the result of deduction of expense for earning the revenue from the revenue. For the accounting purpose, an income expense is recognized only in that period for which it actually takes place, whether received or paid in cash or not. (Vranceanu, 2014) For example, a company sold the goods worth 100$, partially on credit, i.e. 50 $ will be received after 1 month and 50$ now at the time of sale. Expenses are payed off $ 45 and outstanding expenses are for 15$. For calculating profit for the period= Revenue less Expenses = 100$ (Total Sales) 60$ (Total Expenses) = 40$ For calculating Cashflow for the period = Cash inflow less Cash outflow = 50 $ (Cash receipt) 45$ (Cash payment) = 5$ In this case, the company has an adequate profit, but short cash. This difference in the profit and cash is mainly due to timing differences. For calculating profit, the company focuses on when the profit is earned and expenses incurred legally, without considering the cash position. They follow accrual basis of accounting. For calculating cash, the company only focuses on when cash is actually received and paid, without considering when it is actually earned or incurred. Consequences to a business of being short of cash Cash is the blood of the business. It acts as lifeline to the business. Shortage of cash in a business can harm it many ways. Such as: Late payment to creditors, which lead to wrong image in the market and reduce the flow of material or goods. Short cash will create liquidity problem in the business. If the business is short of cash, then it will create crisis kind situation like how to pay for expenses, how to purchase raw material, how to develop the business etc. Cash shortage will lead to poor market image and also affect the goodwill of the business. A balance of cash is required in the business. Because cash is needed to earn profit for the business. Adequate cash is required to pay to employees and suppliers and other expenses. So that goods can be produced and profit can be generated by selling those goods. If business is short of cash than it will be unable to generate profit. So, business is to be managed in such a way to have positive cash flow for the growth and development of the business. Liquidity and profitability characteristics of new business as opposed to long standing business. Business have different requirement in its different phases. A new business will have more liquidity as compared to long standing business. As for new business more cash is required for initial setup and for the purchase of resources to run the business. As this is the growing phase of the business, it will require more liquidity for the growth and development of the business. For the long standing business, an adequate liquidity is required, but not high as the business is already set up and running. So, it need liquidity only for smooth running of the business. At the initial stage of business, it will have low profitability. As the business is trying to set up, building customers and goodwill in the market. In case of long standing business, there will be higher profitability. As the business has grown upto a level to give good returns and have high profitability. (Sasaki, 2015) How Cashflow problems can arise Cashflow problem arises due to following reasons: Low Profits Lower profit generally lead to cashflow problems for the business. Over Investment When more cash is invested in the machinery or equipment that required. This excess capacity will not generate revenue, so it is a waste of cash. Excess stock- Holding of excess stock than the required quantity for smooth working of business is just a waste of cash and also lead to the risk of stock become obsoltee. Higher credit period- Selling goods on credit is a good way of sales promotion. But providing very high credit period will lead to shortage of cash in the business. Expanding fastly Business in expanding very fast, so it will need more resources for the business. It will create a shortage of cash in the business. Declining sales - Reduction in the turnover of the business lead to a reduction in the cash receipt. So shortage in cash arise. Excessive debt Excess of debt lead to the use of major cash in the payment of debt and shortage in cash arise. High capital Expenditure - Higher capital expenditure will lead to higher cash flow and case cash reduction. Methods for dealing with cash flow problems Following are the methods for dealing with the cashflow problems: Cost cutting This is the best method for dealing with a cash flow problem by reducing the non essential costs of the business. This will help in reducing cash outflows for the business. Reduction in stocks Reduction in the cash tied up in the raw material and goods by ordering only minimum goods or raw material required for running the business. This will reduce the cash utilization in the stock. Late payments to suppliers - Try to increase the credit period for making payment to the suppliers. This will reduce the cash engaged in the business. Reduction in the credit period offered to the customer - Selling goods on credit is a good way of sales promotion. But providing high credit period will lead to shortage of cash in the business. So by reducing the credit period will allow more cash inflow in the business. Delay in the growth and expansion plans - Delay of the expansion plan of the business for the future. This will deffer the cash outflow from now and reduce cash crisis. Increasing the selling price Increase in selling price will increase the cash inflow in the business and reduce cash crisis. Cash Flow Management A proper management of the cash outflow and inflows will help in maintaining required cash in the business by proper planning the cash inflows and outflows. By keeping the cash flow forecast to remain prepared for future outflows in advance and manage cash flow problems. (Stein, 2001) References 1. Stein, J, C, Usher, S, E, LaGattuta, D Youngen, J 2001, A comparables approach to measuring cashflow at risk for non financial firms, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, vol. 13 , no. 4 , pp. 100-09. 2. Sharma, D 1996, Analysing the Statement of Cashflows, Australian Accounting Review, vol. 6 , no. 12 , pp. 37-44. 3. Morley, S 2002, The Financial Appraisal of Development Projects, in Development and Developers: Perspectives on Property, Blackwell Science Ltd, UK. 4. Vranceanu, R 2014, Corporate profit, entrepreneurship theory and business ethics, Business Ethics: A European Review, vol. 23 , no. 1 , pp. 50-68. 5. Ang, A Liu, J 2004, How to discount cashflow with time varying expected return, The Journal Of Finance, vol. 59 , no. 6 , pp. 2745-83.6. Brown, C Burrows, G 2003, Risk-Adjusted Discount Rates and Projects of Unequal Lives Australian Accounting Review, vol. 13 , no. 29 , pp. 57-65. 7. Sasaki, T 2015, The Effects of Liquidity Shocks on Corporate Investments and Cash Holdings: Evidence from Actuarial Pension Gains/Losses. Financial Management,vol. 44 , no. 3 , pp. 685-707. 8. Albuquerque, R Schroth, E 2015, The Value of control and the costs of illiquidity, The Journal Of Finance, vol. 70 , no. 4 , pp. 1405-55. 9. LANG, M, LINS, K, V MAFFETT, M 2012, Transparency, Liquidity, and Valuation: International Evidence on When Transparency Matters Most, Journal of Accounting Research,vol. 50 , no. 3 , pp. 729-74. 10. Amihud, Y Mendelson, H 2012, Liquidity, the Value of the Firm, and Corporate Finance, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, vol. 24 , no. 1 , pp. 17-32. 11.Bizfilings 2012, The Difference between cash flow and profit, viewed on 24th March, 2016, https://www.bizfilings.com/toolkit/sbg/finance/cash-flow/cash-flow-and-profit.aspx. 12. Robbins, S, Profit and Cashflow explained, viewed on 24th March, 2016, https://www.steverrobbins.com/articles/profit-and-cash-flow-explained 13. Smith, K, Reasons why cash is king for businesses Individual, viewed on 24th March, 2016, https://www.moneycrashers.com/why-cash-is-king 14. Business casestudies, Controlling cash flow for business growth, viewed on 24th March, 2016, https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/cima/controlling-cash-flow-for-business-growth/the-importance-of-cash-flow.html#axzz43tNM3Kre.

The Metropolis Model How to Use the Sharing Economy to Create Standout Thought Leadership Content

THE METROPOLIS MODEL: HOW TO USE THE SHARING ECONOMY TO CREATE STANDOUT THOUGHT LEADERSHIP CONTENT â€Å"It’s easy to admire a thought leader; it’s much harder to become one.† —Adam Grant, Wharton professor and author of Give and Take Content creation in the sharing economy The sharing economy continues to transform nearly every sector of the global economy.   A recent McKinsey report projects that sharing economy revenues will reach $335 billion globally by 2025. Wikipedia defines the sharing economy as â€Å"peer-to-peer based sharing of access to goods and services.† Another definition describes it as â€Å"a socio-economic ecosystem built around the sharing of human, physical and intellectual resources. It includes the shared creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services by different people and organizations.† As its impact continues to grow, what does it mean for content creation? Content creation is a challenge for marketers. Statistics from Kapost show that 39% of marketers indicate coming up with ideas is difficult, and that 1 in 2 marketers say they don’t have enough ideas to fuel their content operations. The sharing economy is good news for content creation, offering rich new opportunities for engagement, dialogue, and creative insight. For marketers, the collaborative model is a content strategy resource for generating and developing genuine thought leadership. It takes a metropolis The term crowdsourcing first appeared in 2006 to reference an organization looking outside its own resources and employees for ideas and problem solving. The title of Hillary Clinton’s famous book, published ten years earlier in 1996, offers a useful metaphor for crowdsourcing: It Takes a Village. In 2016, however, it takes a metropolis. The metropolis model is a shared production model that leverages your entire peer community. In the sharing economy era, optimizing your resources and harnessing the power of your entire â€Å"metropolis† to generate thought leadership content is a key strategy for success. Applied to content creation, the metropolis model is a roadmap for utilizing the collective wisdom of your entire ecosystem—in-house resources, customer feedback, subject-matter expertise, and industry influencers—to develop standout thought leadership content. Revisiting thought leadership why it matters While thought leadership has become a marketing buzzword, it’s essential for brands whose strategy includes establishing and maintaining a thought leadership role. 43% of marketers identified thought leadership as one of the top three goals of content marketing, along with lead generation and brand awareness, in a recent LinkedIn Technology Marketing Community survey. Although it’s been said that the first rule of thought leadership is not to call it thought leadership, it’s worth revisiting the definition of the term. In their book #Thought Leadership Tweet: 140 Prompts for Designing and Executing an Effective Thought Leadership Campaign, Liz Alexander and Craig Badings offer a useful definition: â€Å"Thought leaders advance the marketplace of ideas by positing actionable, commercially relevant, research-backed, new points of view. They engage in â€Å"blue ocean strategy† thinking on behalf of themselves and their clients, as opposed to simply churning out product-focused, brand-centric white papers or curated content that shares or mimics others’ ideas.† In a conversation with Curtis Kroeker, CEO of Scripted, an online marketplace that connects businesses with writers, he defined thought leadership as â€Å"content that’s thought-provoking to people who already know a lot about that particular topic. So it’s a pretty high bar.† With the increasing importance of thought leadership as a content marketing strategy, how can you effectively meet this standard? How can you create content that offers genuinely new ideas, insight, and solutions? Using the metropolis model to develop thought leadership content The metropolis model is an effective way to tap into your entire community of talent and resources to develop thought leadership content. Using the metropolis model, you can crowdsource and collaborate with your network of in-house teams, customers, SMEs, and influencers to generate content that meets thought leadership standards. Here’s how. 1. Know the defining issues and trends Author and marketing strategy consultant Dorie Clark recommends immersing yourself in the existing industry conversation as the first step toward breaking new ground. Become conversant with the culture and current thought leadership in your industry. Be familiar with the topics, issues, research, and perspectives other experts are presenting. Armed with that knowledge, you can then start to identify what’s missing from the dialogue and where there are opportunities to contribute new thinking.   2.  Crowdsource for new ideas During the ideation phase of thought leadership content creation, your best resources are the citizens of your metropolis: your in-house teams and your customers. Kroeker says crowdsourcing is key for effective content development, and for thought leadership content in particular. â€Å"If you’re not tapping into the crowd, you’re going to miss out on perspective, expertise, and ideas,† he told us. â€Å"Even if someone is particularly well-versed in a certain area, it’s only going to be one person’s opinion. Crowdsourcing lets you tap into multiple perspectives and make for a much richer conversation and richer content creation.† Mobilize in-house teams Explain your thought leadership mission to your internal colleagues and solicit their input to develop new topics and ideas. Involve your entire team including IT, developers, analysts, designers, sales, and customer service. SMEs are another important resource for ideation. One strategy for soliciting input from SMEs is to simply ask them, â€Å"What did you do today?† Their day-to-day roles and processes involve the key issues that directly affect your customers, whether it’s technology, sales, customer service, research, or product development. Almost everything they do is content. Walk through their daily activities and the various components of their jobs to identify relevant topics. Let your team know why their participation is important. As valued in-house experts immersed in the daily workings of your business and customer interaction, their insights are essential. Set up brainstorming or gamestorming sessions that make it fun and pressure-free for everyone to contribute ideas. You can start the ideation with questions like the following: What’s missing from the industry’s current conversation? What areas are underrepresented in our current content strategy? What issues should we be covering? What are your biggest challenges, and why? What challenges and issues do you observe among our clients? What new ideas and trends are emerging in our business? You can also use tools like 15Five and Slack to help solicit relevant topics. Your role is to direct the dialogue and provide moderation and feedback. Let participants know they don’t have to write anything—just contribute ideas. Assign a point person to keep track of the dialogue and take notes. Solicit feedback from customers and users Next, reach out to your users for feedback. Your online community is one of the best sources of intelligence. Customer feedback is an essential means of surfacing new business challenges and issues for your content strategy. Polls, surveys, and incentives are ideal ways to engage with your community. Services like Polldaddy can help you create simple surveys. Begin identifying new content opportunities by generating dialogue with your users around the following types of questions: What’s your biggest business challenge? What question do you most need answered? What information do you need that is not available? What’s the most pressing issue in your business? How could we improve our product or service? Be responsive and stay actively engaged with your community to monitor the discussion. Solicit and leverage comments to create and maintain a topic- and issue-oriented dialogue. Encourage debate around contrasting viewpoints. Engaging in a dialogue with your audience will help you generate useful data that can be developed into content. By asking your users about their needs and showing you care about their challenges and their opinions, you invest in them as co-creators. 3. Engage with experts and influencers Tap SMEs for knowledge and expertise Subject-matter experts are critical allies in your thought leadership strategy. They can contribute the deep technical, practical, or instructional expertise you need in specific topic areas. Develop a set of targeted questions for them to respond to in writing or in an interview. Depending on the business area you’re focused on and the type of expertise required, you may also want to interview outside SMEs. Leverage the power of influencers Influencer marketing is one of the top marketing trends of 2016. Engaging with influencers not only gives you access to authoritative insights and opinions from people your customers trust. It dramatically scales the visibility, reach, and engagement of your content. New research from Twitter shows consumers now trust influencers nearly as much as their friends. And with a new study by Tapinfluence showing an 11X higher return from influencer marketing campaigns compared to other digital marketing channels, engaging influencers in your content marketing efforts is essential. Find out who’s driving the conversation and who your users are listening to. It could be a highly visible blogger, leader, executive, or industry expert—a recognized name with authority, influence, and a following. LinkedIn can help you identify people of influence who are already in your network. There are also web services that will help you find and engage the right influencers for your business, including InNetwork and Traackr. Reach out to the influencers you’ve identified and begin cultivating relationships. Be familiar with their work—read their book and follow their blog, for example—and ask them to participate in your thought leadership initiative. Invite them to contribute their perspective, analysis, and insight. Explain how you’ve identified this issue and why you believe they’re uniquely qualified to contribute fresh thinking. Thought leadership partnerships should be mutually beneficial. When you approach an influencer, be prepared to offer something of value in return. Maybe you can offer publicity. Or maybe your offer can be tied directly to the product or service you provide—a membership, free trial, or special access of some kind. In essence, be prepared to answer the question: what’s in it for me? If your influencer is a blogger, he or she may be willing to write something on the topic themselves. Alternatively, working with your team and/or a writer, you can craft questions, interview the influencer, and create the content yourself based on his or her input. 4. Putting it all together: creating your content When you’re ready to write and publish your content, ensure a professional, well-written presentation. While good writing alone doesn’t turn generic content into thought leadership, good writing skills are essential for clearly communicating new business insights. In a recent LinkedIn Technology Marketing Community Survey, 57% of marketers said â€Å"engaging and compelling storytelling† was among the top three criteria that make content effective. â€Å"Without good writing, you risk your insights being lost because they aren’t communicated effectively,† says Kroeker. â€Å"Good writing ensures that those powerful insights are communicated in a way that’s clear and that resonates with the target audience.† Infographic by Kirsten Kohlhauff Creating thought leadership content is a kind of alchemy. Done right, it: Addresses new issues, ideas, and challenges Provides context, analysis, and synthesis of multiple perspectives Weaves a coherent, engaging narrative that offers new information and actionable solutions Is well-written and tells a compelling story â€Å"Being able to collaborate effectively and directly is critical to the creation of great thought leadership,† says Kroeker. As a marketer, you’re at the center of your metropolis, collaborating with your community to generate meaningful thought leadership content worthy of the name.